An International Criminal Court - 1718 Words

The establishment of an international criminal court was a slow, arduous process. Following the horrific human rights violations committed by the Nazis in World War II, the global community began to take the proper steps to combat the notion that being at war sanctions gross abuses of human rights. It was not a lust for violence that elongated the process of establishing the ICC (international criminal court), but rather the long-time battle between accepting that the world is increasingly affected by globalization and holding fast to the age-old tradition of prizing state sovereignty above all. The scale of the genocide carried out against all peoples not of Aryan descent in the 1940s was the catalyst needed to start talks about prizing guaranteed rights over the incessant need to abide by antiquated customary law. Whilst many argue that the ICC and ad-hoc tribunals such as the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Y ugoslavia (ICTY) fail to provide a comprehensive international legal framework, they serve other important purposes. Firstly, the ICC and its parent tribunals played a major part in ending the culture of impunity. Oftentimes, in states where there are violations of international humanitarian law, the government is wrought with corruption. Politicians and government officials abuse the rights of their citizens and others under the guise of sovereign immunity. Tribunals, and later the ICC,Show MoreRelatedInternational Criminal Court872 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernment resort to the use of force against civilians, a reaction that was condemned for the international community. Considering the crisis in Libya the United Nations Security Council passed the resolution 1970 to impose international sanctions over the principal chiefs of Gaddafi’s regime, including Abdullah Al-Senussi and Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, and the UNSC authorize the International Criminal Court to investigate the crimes against humanity that were committed in Libya during the protests ofRead MoreThe International Criminal Court ( Icc )1608 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction:- The international criminal court (ICC) is an unalike international organization, as it deals with individuals of the state parties and non state parties both. The Court among its wide prospects prosecutes individuals, accepts communications and complaints from them, and also allows for an independent official to initiate prosecution. But, independent officials in international organizations always have a controversial position given the fact that they have autonomy and authority toRead MoreAfrican Of The International Criminal Court5912 Words   |  24 Pageshumanitarian law. This commitment is shown first in domestic contexts in which African states have used their own criminal law systems to prosecute war criminals, in special tribunals such as that in Sierra Leone, and in African states well-established commitment to the international criminal Court. African countries have been actively involved in the establishment of the International Criminal Court and the Rome Statute more than 20 years ago, since negotiation started for the creation of the ICC. AmongRead MoreThe International Criminal Court ( Icc )3345 Words   |  14 PagesThe most fundamental aspects of the law, whether it be international or domestic is its abilities to reflect the ideals of justice and impartiality. The International Criminal Court (ICC) invests itself as a global institute to uphold international interests. However, it may be argued that the ICC has become affected by political influence, hindering its position to holistically deal with issues of law. This effect has given rise to the notion of a current crisis of political will. Although politicsRead MoreEssay on International Criminal Court2923 Words   |  12 PagesThe International Criminal Court (ICC) is a relatively new organization; only just a decade old and it has seen a great deal of hardships and success. Since the creation of ICC it has seen a vast deal of criticisms that â€Å"[range] from concerns about racism and neocolonialism† and so forth. Not only has it encountered criticisms, but as well, people have questioned the usefulness of this organization? In truth, is it necessary to question the value, based on what little it has accomplished and inRead MoreThe International Criminal Court : An Independent International Organization1578 Words   |  7 PagesAlshammari 23rd April 2016 The International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court is an independent international organization that is governed by the Rome Statute that is the first international criminal court that is permanent. Its establishment was as a result for the need to bring justice upon perpetrators that commit serious crimes against humanity. The Rome Statute which is the legal basis for establishing the permanent International Criminal Court was approved on 17th July 1998Read More International Criminal Court Essay examples1484 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Criminal Court Allegations of war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity have undoubtedly received unprecedented press coverage in recent years – more than at any time since Nuremberg. This is not because the incidences of such barbarities have increased, but simply because those crimes are brought to us more rapidly these days by the electronic media. Since the early 1990’s the international community has witnessed of a variety of criminal tribunalsRead MoreThe International Criminal Court As An Advocate For Peace2290 Words   |  10 Pages The International Criminal Court as Both Mediator and Arbiter in Conflicts Paul Daniel Thornton Dr. Lealle Ruhl POLI 1145 Peace and Conflict Studies Wednesday, November 16, 2016 INTRODUCTION In the pursuit of positive peace for the global community, certain mechanisms are necessary in order to better protect human rights and resolve interstate conflicts. Prior to the events of World War II, a cogent set of laws defining those human rights, much less violations therein were never heardRead More The Effectiveness of the International Criminal Court Essay2958 Words   |  12 PagesThere is a close relationship between human rights and criminal law. The scope of my paper will surround human rights and the International Criminal Court (ICC) in addition to human rights and international crimes. International criminal justice in this context speaks to those interested in prosecuting against the background of international human rights and humanitarian norms. The use of criminal law has many positive effects and pursues many goals that are worth considering. For example, deterrenceRead MoreThe International Criminal Court Of The United States1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Int ernational Criminal Court try to not to have history repeat itself The International Criminal Court also known as the (ICC) are a group of judges who investigates and prosecutes individuals that are guilty of crimes such as genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity and only intervenes when a state cannot intervene or is unwilling to intervene or is an international concern (Understanding the International Criminal Court). Many inhumane corruptions were committed in the past such as

The History Of Rasselas, Prince Of Abyssinia By Samuel...

A worldview is a mental model of reality. It is the idea and attitudes towards the world, life, and us as individuals. Each individual has their own unique worldview. People acquire a worldview by how they go through life, it may change or even stay the same. How they grew up, life situations, values, religion, and attitudes are factors that may affect one’s worldview. There are many questions that can make up one’s worldview. How should we act? What gives life purpose? Where did we come from? These are some of many questions that can help define someone’s worldview. The book The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia by Samuel Johnson, brings up many worldviews. The characters in the book go on a journey to figure out their worldview. Which I think this is the best way to build someone’s worldview. Rasselas is a prince who has lived his whole life in solitude. Everything is perfect for him, he does not have to worry about anything. Everyone who lives th ere is happy and it is kind of like that perfect utopia. Rasselas struggled to find the purpose of life. Being in the valley he did not have much experience of the outside world. Rasselas lacks variety as well as someone to sympathize with him. He began to desire the world around him and wants to go out and explore. Rassales had a friend whose name was Imlac. Imlac was a poet who was very wise. Although Imlac had wisdom he did not really apply himself to his full potential with all of his knowledge. Rassales explainsShow MoreRelatedFeminism in The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia5647 Words   |  23 PagesSamuel Johnsons The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia and Its Feminist Conclusion, in which Nothing is Concluded Feminism is described in many ways, but mainly it can be gathered as a movement against oppression, which fights for the civil and political equality of women and men, and towards the opportunity of self-independence. During the eighteenth century, Great Britains society offered little opportunity for women to take part in the active roles of the male dominated world. WomenRead MoreAnalysis Of Alexander Pope s The Enlightenment 1411 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander Pope demonstrates his method of reason and the conclusions he has drawn about the world, basing his argument on optimism. Samuel Johnson, however, in ‘The History Of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia’, highlights the brutality of man as well as how man’s concept of happiness is subjective between people. In this essay I will show how the reason of Pope and Johnson differs and how their understandings of the world are both different, as well as similar. The question of theodicy discusses the problemRead MoreCompare and Contrast Happines in Candide, Rasselas, Essay on Man1496 Words   |  6 PagesHappiness Throughout history humankind has been trying to define happiness. What is it exactly and how do we obtain it? We always think that happiness is a place to be or a destination and technically, that is the main premise or goal of our lives; to obtain happiness. So our whole lives go by from the minute were born to the last breath we take in a quest to work hard in order to reach that destination. Naturally, many philosophical writers have jumped on the bandwagon and put in their two centsRead Morevanity of human wishes Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pages ©2008 eNotes.com, Inc. or its Licensors. Please see copyright information at the end of this document. The Poem Samuel Johnson’s The Vanity of Human Wishes imitates, as its subtitle states, Juvenal’s tenth satire. The 368 lines of iambic pentameter in rhymed couplets do not claim to provide an exact translation but rather to apply the poem to eighteenth century England. While Johnson therefore feels free to modernize the allusions, he follows his model closely. The poem opens with the proposition

Department of Spatial Information IT Procedures

Question: Discuss about the Department of Spatial Information IT Procedures. Answer: It was the responsibility of the Department of Spatial Information to distribute spatial statistics to the people in accepted methods. Yet, the issue was created in dispensing the information to a huge number of individuals who expected the data. In order to make the method simpler and quicker, it was decided to use Cloud computing as a choice so that the web could be used to transmit the information. In addition, the cloud utilization could assist the company in getting an actual time view into the processes of the company. This document checked these ideas of using a cloud for the DSI type and the purpose was to know the working viability and needs of the company while embracing the cloud policy to run its important functions. The document discovered the instance of Department of Spatial Information which was considering shifting its present IT procedures into a cloud in lieu of the AWS figures cloud facilities offered by Amazon was explored to know of it could satisfy the companys requirements in reference to the working and SLA needs of the organizations. As a sample for observation, the PaaS distribution model was selected for the purpose as was planned in the earlier valuation of the DSI type. In order to decide about the cloud service aptness, the AWS service was checked and adjudged based on the working consideration. This contained investigation of the procedure specifications for cloud acceptance and evaluation of the Service Level Agreements offered by Amazon together with the AWS facilities. It was understood that a few primary actions were required to keep the cloud operational effectively in the enterprise scenario and these contained entry management, flexible packing, storage salvage, load assessment and many more. All such actions were known to be accessible in the AWS type if executed in DSI. The SLA evaluation was carried out with the help of particular factors which consisted of moral codes, dependability and safety. It was discovered that Amazon had carried out various steps for the essentials of SLAs in accordance with the evaluation excluding that no sole instance of SLA was found obtainable. Despite this, the client-responsive strategy and past record of client-focused tactic followed by the Amazon group, AES can be endorsed without a doubt to DSI as the apt cloud service. (ITProPortal, 2013). Necessities for SLA supervision, isolated management and means controlling As the organization advances toward the cloud platform for resource handling purpose, the supervisors are required to design and also check the application through remote use through the cloud by utilizing particular consumer crossing points and cloud calculation implements. An offsite management method can carry it out by offering a website which is for the exclusive use of the supervisor to control SLAs and multiple assets. This method also has equipment which can be utilized to alter online website factors for personalization. Apart from this, distinct webpages can be provided for supervisors and patrons of the company. Since supervisors will be utilizing similar services to control IT resource utilization and know-how architecture, the patrons are enabled to use particular offerings which include special data reports. The launch of this system would need few actions and procedures to be done and they are given below: Facilitating the hiring for the PaaS method of implementation Entrance regulation system determining access stages to be offered to employers Alignment of cloud calculation Installation of cloud facility Facilitating the necessary IT means over cloud Checking method to follow service stage, utilization and its execution Checking whether success as per SLAs and Excellence of Service is achieved Controlling hiring and utilization expenses Controlling consumer accounts, entry checking, endorsement, their safety permits and validation methods. Checking if right of entry to offerings hired over the cloud both inside and outside, is available Scheduling IT assets, capabilities and supplies A company may utilize an agenda sheet like a means to appraise if every necessity has been taken care of for a particular cloud resolution which is being executed. For this purpose, Amazon Web Services would be implemented as the cloud calculation facility for DSI for whom a worksheet is developed for primary and enterprise procedures as given below: AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is given customer specific authorizations which are kept private Applicable storage category is utilized for Amazon Elastic Block Store after accepting reclamation and standby alternatives When user modules are executed, AWS will implement dynamic IP addressing to work. Amazon EBS capacities would be made use of to work the structure and database needs Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) will have regular standby expending EBS snapshots Retrieval methods of Amazon EC2 examples are check periodically for the purpose of a botch-up via Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) Important parts of the application are distributed through sections by making use of Elastic Load Balancing We check practices applied for updates, patches, safety of application, security processes and AMI services periodically. Important personal keys of AWS occurrence are kept personal and necessary entry permits are implemented for operating process Safekeeping guidelines are applied for group considering the topology of grading CNAME journals are utilized for DNS plotting with Elastic Load Harmonizing Private and delicate statistics like implanted illustration critical pairs and approved key files are detached AWS-presented application is entire checked for its performance prior to being permitted to go live We would be including AWS confidential guide reports in our analysis Our Production AWS accounts have been engaged for enterprise maintenance. Enterprise operations checklist Category Description Billing and accounting Designing a method to supervise bills and accounts Conclude whether several accounts would be utilized and its billing methods too Security and Access Cultivate approach for administration of API, console, operating structure, data access and network Asset Administration Cultivate approach for ID and trailing of cloud services Application resilience Confirm that explanation gives top obtainability and confirms to elasticity needs of application Backup Make sure that explanation also speaks about or outdoes calamity salvage and standby needs Checking and organization of occurrences employ observing implements and join in resources together with the incidence administration procedure Structure and change Cultivate a scheme to handling pattern and deviations Release and disposition Grow a plan to merge announcements and utilization in line with alignment and change management methodology. Resilience, Backup, and Disaster Recovery Applications which can be rebuilt within the Cloud storage needs to be resilient towards failures so that they can be distinct from the common causes of failure. Due to this, Amazons EC2 needs to utilize a model of Elastic Cloud Computing which consists of the tools which will be utilized by developers for the creation of a resilient foundation. The requirement of a network which is resilient and has high availability has significantly increased from earlier requirements and Cloud utilizes the approach of business continuity for minimization of downtime, even during disaster. Generally, Amazon claims to offer a 99% uptime. AWS Resilience Amazon permits data storage in block level via Amazon EC2 and each of it is duplicated automatically for individual availability of zone so that the client can be protected from component failures so that even during failures, high availability is ensured. AWS Backup Amazon addresses the requirement of backups for various databanks and remote branches, on top of the backup of the total infrastructure at the main databanks which are handled by the organization. Every site consists of a storage access for quicker recovery during disasters. Protection of user endpoints in offered via storage access utilized for creation of backups with automatic storage and encryption, throttling of bandwidth, deduplication of data, and data synchronization (onlinetech.com, 2016). AWS Disaster Recovery During disaster event, AWS offers a storage access for recovery that consists of the duplicated data or the server datas compressed version and this can be accessed via the Internet. After obtaining the data, decryption can be performed for recovery processes. The storage access can be transferred directly from the AMI to the cloud and thus, can be easily deployed during disasters. Storage access links the applications and the storage so that continuous services can be provided via an integrated foundation. On the other hand, the feature of direct connectivity permits direct linking amongst AWS and onsite storage. This tactic has various advantages like network expenses reduction, throughput increases, and connection consistency. AWS SLA Assessment The documentation of maintenance of standardization and declaration of rights and obligations of every party of the contract which comprises of the service provider (Amazon) and clients is known as Service Level Agreement or SLA. SLAs standard guidelines require these contracts to have some specific features like cloud service reliability and availability, pre-defined security levels, clarity of support provision by the service company. From the perspective of the service provider, a few ethical conduct codes need to be complied with and these require honoring the rights and privacy of the client, and displaying confidentiality, honesty, discretion, honesty, competence, and integrity. Amazons SLA is for the AWS services. AWSs SLAs specifically defines the predicted system reliability via the assurance of 99% uptime per month in its agreement and this ensures that the SLA is extremely reliable. A center for support can be linked to cases in case the uptime drops down below the expected levels. In accordance with Amazons policies, cloud security is provided the highest priority and developers have built a security structure which permit organization AWS operations within a protected surrounding. AWS SLAs advantages comprises of AWS permit consumers to ensure control over links and topologies of the network by providing direct connections, and Virtual Private Clouds. AWS has extreme load balancing abilities for application that run over the cloud via the metrics-driven Elastic Load Balancing. There are numerous choices for availability along zones for allowing databanks at the clients nearest locations. For permitting DevOps and control, AWS Agreement comprises of altering services, personalized monitoring, security documentations, compliance certifications, firewalls, and access control. These customizations are offered via AWS Elastics CloudFormation, OpWorks, and Beanstalk. AWS SLA offers a few value added services like memory caching, DNS, content delivery network, relational database, etc. AWS has extreme expansion capabilities with a large collection of partner proposals for additional solutions and software. But, the SLA solutions have some disadvantages which might be a problem and thus, need to be considered prior to taking up the decision to take up AWS Cloud Solutions, and these are Even though Amazon offers all the information via the websites and additional documentation, no exclusive SLA is present. SLAs dont have any kind of version histories and this makes it hard for the company to take up actions if service violations and/or contractual problems occurs. But, the services reputation is quite robust and Amazon endeavors to enhance and learn the AWS architecture. If there are errors in the SLAs, the organization freely accepts those and assist the consumers to lessen the mistakes impact (Gartner, 2014). Therefore, Amazons SLA for their AWS services is an unbiased contract and keeps in consideration both the documentation availability and reputation. This will be a safe proposal for the organization. References Gartner. (2014). Amazon Web Services Bottom-Line Assessment. Gartner. ITProPortal. (2013). Big data: 5 major advantages of Hadoop | ITProPortal.com. [online] Available at: https://www.itproportal.com/2013/12/20/big-data-5-major-advantages-of-hadoop [Accessed 18 May 2016]. Mitsm.de, (2016). [online] Mitsm.de. Available at: https://www.mitsm.de/service-level-agreement-management-en [Accessed 18 May 2016]. Netsuite.com. (2016). Resource Management, Resource Utilization, Resource Management System - NetSuite. [online] Available at: https://www.netsuite.com/portal/products/srp/resource-management.shtml [Accessed 18 May 2016]. Onlinetech.com. (2016). Benefits of Disaster Recovery in Cloud Computing. [online] Available at: https://www.onlinetech.com/resources/references/benefits-of-disaster-recovery-in-cloud-computing [Accessed 18 May 2016]. Zechmeister, C., Tomic, A., Ravirala, R., Nunn, J. (2014). Enterprise Backup and Recovery On-Premises to AWS. Amazon.

Nuclear disarmament as a way to keep peace and provide human security

Introduction As the world struggles with the different challenges that are suppressing socioeconomic development in the contemporary days, human security is mainly at stake. Initially, social security was perhaps a mere threat as the involvement of global politics touching on the United States and the United Kingdom among other powerful states in the nuclear arsenal proliferation made the issue of atomic weaponry unclear especially to laypersons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear disarmament as a way to keep peace and provide human security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contemporary debates underlying the Syrian crisis is an outstanding example of the realities surrounding the augmenting concerns on weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) as the campaigns on global elimination of nuclear armaments intensify. The events of WWI and WWII are deeply envisaged in the memories of many who experienced them, and none would wish the reoccurrence of the same. Peace and reconciliation campaigns on countries experiencing stalemate have failed to provide a resolution to the constant conflicts that are threatening further nuclear exposure. This essay examines atomic disarmament as a way to keep peace and ensure human security. Nuclear weaponry associated ramifications Nuclear arsenals form the most significant part of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) despite the consequences, which are currently undermined and underestimated. Macfarlane (2005) notes, â€Å"The emergence of a new, hostile military coalition against the United States or its allies in which one or more members possesses WMD and the means of delivery is a potential contingency that could have major consequences for the U.S† (p.3). Nonetheless, the war against nuclear proliferation is not merely a national quandary associated with powerful states like the United States; on the contrary, it is rather an international security con cern. Instead of considering their destruction capacity, some nations are thinking nuclear weapons more constructive than conformist weapons. Countries in the Middle East, North Korea, Syria, and even Iran are the nations where an actual proliferation of nuclear armaments has taken place. As postulated by Berry (2010), nuclear weapons are the most dangerous artillery ever discovered on earth, and if loosely exposed, the ramifications cut across almost every integral part of human life. Ramifications to human security A considerably debated issue over the threats of nuclear weaponry is the notion of social security that first appeared in the Human Development Report of 1994, but it is either misunderstood or misinterpreted. From the conviction developed in recent studies, there exist numerous ambiguities regarding what human security entails.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The actual security issues are unclear whether protection against nuclear weaponry aims humanity or political power and state stability. Jolly and Emmerij (2009) posit, â€Å"Human security shifts security concerns away from an exclusive preoccupation with military protection of states towards the safety and empowerment of individuals† (p.1). The initial idea of human security rested upon offering protection to individuals especially innocent civilians, but the new sense of social security is controversial, as states have shifted attention with the primary purpose of security hinged upon increased ethnic and identity divisions, a proliferation of arms, and individual state power (Berry 2010). Human security in the context of nuclear weaponry effects would better refer to threats to human populations. Human security is universal, multidimensional, people-oriented, and interconnected, and it represents efforts aimed at ensuring individuals or civilians’ safety by miti gating threats to insecurity (Jolly Ray 2006). The proponents of nuclear generation and countries, which have shown extensive support to the underway atomic development in the name of acquiring global power and challenging the powerful nations, should be deficient of proper knowledge concerning nuclear ramifications. ‘Mass destruction’ is probably the first term commonly used to demonstrate the possible effects of nuclear weaponry on human life with mass deaths expected during its use. As Macfarlane (2005) notes, the use of WMD as confrontational tools should involve mass casualties, especially deaths, just as witnessed during the Second World War when allied troops used firebombing. Nuclear weaponry, coupled with the use of chemical and biological armaments, can cause mass destruction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear disarmament as a way to keep peace and provide human security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nowadays, almost anything and everything little to human beings is a potential risk to social security, and when broadened, climate change, health, and other factors form substantial threats to human safety (Jolly Ray 2006). Apart from killing massive numbers of civilians through nuclear attacks and bombing, nuclear production itself and explosions released poses a potential risk to human health. According to Berry (2010), pacts like the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty emerged from the efforts of governmental organizations that wanted to create awareness following the growing fears concerning the repercussions of nuclear arms and how the testing of the weapons within environment affected people’s health and devastated communities. The effects of radiological pollution coming from radioactive emissions on human health and the environment are broad and devastating. As Cimbala (2012) observes, the threat coming from nuclear wars and emissions can destabilize human societies severely as social structures fragment following fear of conflict and tension. Implication to environment While fear augments over the pace of nuclear proliferation and the renewed nuclear arms race, with specifical examples like Libya, Iran, Iraq, and contemporary Syria as perpetrators are trying to assemble nuclear to attack others, the power of destruction is unprecedented (Jacobs Nagan 2012). Nuclear weaponry has unique destruction power, which can cause disgusting human suffering and pose a significant threat to the environment, the existence of future generations, and undeniably the survival of humanity as human existence largely depend on the natural surrounding. Concerning nuclear hostility to the atmosphere, the vast destruction involved in nuclear proliferation and its use in the global spectrum, which subsequently exposes it to the environment, significantly causes environmental degradation, affects water resources and catchment areas and results in adver se climate change that consequently affects other human affairs (Berry 2010). All these aspects form a more significant part of human security and nuclear emissions and weaponry attacks subsequently affect the entire survival of humanity.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nuclear radioactive emissions significantly cause climate change that potentially endangers social systems and ecosystems as  the degradation of natural resources and declines in food and water supply substantially affects human populations (Cimbala 2012). Nuclear weapons constitute weapons of mass destruction, as they are explosive and contain radioactive waste materials that generally lead to fluctuations in climatic conditions, weather changes characterized by extremely high temperatures, and poisonous rainwater coming from the altered ozone layer. As Cimbala (2012) affirms, nuclear power production significantly contributes and inextricably links to nuclear arsenal development. Apart from radioactive fallout, emissions coming from the utilization of nuclear armaments in conflicts or production of nuclear energy (atomic renaissance) including uranium mining, reactor operations, fuel rod manufacture, and other disposals of nuclear waste affect both water and air components. Acco rding to Berry (2010), uranium chemicals, diffusion of other harmful gases, and percolation of nuclear waste materials, including atomic fuel into water bodies affects the entire ecological unit. When essential aspects of humanity, including a safe environment, food security, and weather harshness, are altered, the social structure of human life encounters considerable challenges (Jacobs Nagan 2012). Environmental disturbance potentially leads to a collateral threat to humanity as the physical environment determines social structures and human populations. Regarding gas emissions and other forms of nuclear waste released into the air and water or even on land, all types of ecosystems that support the survival of humanity are affected, and also though human populations would respond to such changes through migration and immigration, further environmental harm would triumph (Berry 2010). The dispersed population due to harsh weather, unproductive soils, and poisoned water sources wou ld probably invade preserved areas such as forests, wild habitats, and other zones. Nuclear attacks enhance insurgency and terrorism as they are potent weapons and destructive, they demolish infrastructure, human abodes, and even different natural habitats, thus causing massive displacement of populations. Associated dangers to human civilization The battle of global supremacy involving some growing nations and powerful developed nations in the name of acquiring weapons of mass destruction to challenge one another has hampered efforts towards human civilization (Jolly Ray 2006). Human progress or evolution is characterized by social, political, cultural, and economic developments, which are also essential aspects of modern human civilization. As nuclear weaponry proliferation, nuclear arms race, and its mitigation initiatives intensify across the world, the entire human civilization is heavily hampered. The central aspect that significantly amplifies human civilization is economic stability and development, something that nuclear production and deterrence are currently affecting and continues to influence. As Macfarlane (2005) notes, the United States alone is currently spending approximately $2 billion annually to prevent nuclear attacks and related wars while Syria, Iraq, Iran, and North Korea, on the other hand, are incurring high economic costs in production of atomic power and nuclear artillery, thus affecting the financial constancy of the involved economies. Countries are living in fear of terrorist attacks, as insurgents have discovered enormous power bestowed in nuclear weaponry proliferation, hence forcing nations to overspend in equipping and supporting military and strengthening security systems (Jolly Emmerij 2009). Following the high costs of nuclear production and deterrence, countries are experiencing economic crunches while providing human security. Wars and fear triggered by nuclear weaponry attacks cause significant destabilization of poli tical structures and national governance, which forms an integral part of modern human civilization. According to Jacobs and Nagan (2012), â€Å"the reliance on nuclear energy must take into account the full range of political, social, medical, economic, and ecological issues† (p.178). States fuelling nuclear proliferation continue to set odd examples on the acquisition of nuclear power and weaponry technology, which seems to destabilize global politics. Cimbala (2012) notes that the constant global rivalry involving powerful political states including the US, USSR, China, Russia, Japan, and North Korea where nuclear development and utilization is highly debatable, is creating global geopolitical tensions. Human civilization involved several social aspects, including human health, employment, and crucial education components of life that contribute to modern culture. Jolly and Ray (2006) identify core elements of underlying social security as â€Å"economic security, food se curity, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security and political security† (p.4). The proliferation of nuclear artillery substantially influences the behavior of the civil society, and as it potentially frustrates social structure and development following fear of nuclear attacks, human civilization is hampered. Atomic bombings and nuclear poisoning to the environment normally destabilizes communal organization and arrangement as civilians would be displaced during such disturbances (Berry 2010). Violent threats coming from terrorist attacks and other forms of crime related to an abundance of illegal arms within societies disintegrate social structures that form an integral part of modern human civilization. Major social threats due to nuclear weapon aggression, such as hostile wars include miserable poverty, death, and conflict. The perceived significance of nuclear weapons From a shrewd perspective, development, proliferation, and utiliz ation of atomic arsenal as military components lack holistic worth as long as humanity faces substantial depressing social, environmental, economic, and political impacts (Jolly Ray 2006). However, the standpoint of proponents of such armaments, especially the nuclear-weapon states, might have found something valuable in the nuclear weaponry production. Many countries across the world, especially those against the American global reclamation of political and economic power, have discovered enough evidence of possessing a stronger opposition against renowned global superpowers. Macfarlane (2005) notes, â€Å"As suggested by the recent behavior of North Korea, Iraq, Iran, and Libya, nuclear weapons appear to be the most desirable weapons to protectionist states† (p.4). The claims of protectionism against internal affairs by developed economies are the main flimsy reasons produced by nuclear-weapon states. The protectionist measures that the majority of Muslim countries includi ng Syria, Pakistan, Russia, and Iraq, which form the bulk of global conflicts, have contributed immensely to the creation and development of nuclear armories citing national democratization. A significant discernment of nuclear weapon states is that atomic weaponry is strong and powerful artillery that armies across the world can use to provide substantial security to respective nations. The United States and other powerful nations that dominate global politics and influence policies governing human rights, economical development, and prevalence of justice among human societies have fallen under intense criticism overexploitation of individual state democracy (Macfarlane 2005). While upheaval against the dominance and influence of the American global political power may prove significant in enhancing individual national development, the degree of legitimacy to possess harmful weapons that frustrate humanity is a critical matter. From Americans’ perspective, the conviction is that the United States itself should possess nuclear weapons to deter nuclear attacks, and this stand is creating even further controversies (Macfarlane 2005). Nuclear weapon states and other proponents of a similar conviction against the United States’ global influence strongly believe that possession of nuclear weaponry would make the US understand what their sentiments entail. Why nuclear disarmament is the irrefutable solution Despite recording a considerable decrease in the number of  the nuclear arsenal across the world, more than 20,000 nuclear weapons are still available, with enough immense potency to destroy the entire planet multiple times over (Cimbala 2012). The question that continues to linger across global political minds is how to impede nuclear development and proliferation to avoid further human insecurity. Perhaps nuclear disarmament is the most practical approach to deter nuclear expansion and proliferation. Berry (2010) asserts that Ukraine, Kazakhstan , Belarus, and South Africa are some of the countries that deserve acknowledgement following their ability to dismantle and abandon handling and utilization of nuclear weapons after 1989. However, Kazakhstan can best explain the reasons why nuclear disarmament can form the best solution in nuclear prevention. According to Jacobs and Nagan (2012), during the Cold War confrontation, Kazakhstan suffered destructive effects of approximately 500 Soviet atomic tests that resulted in augmented cancer rates of 50%, thus leading to 1.5 million victims of diseases, birth deformities, and early deaths. Following such devastating repercussions, Kazakhstan recently launched an international initiative dubbed The Atom Project aimed at elimination of nuclear weapons (Jacobs Nagan 2012). For the past two decades, Kazakhstan has eradicated and renounced all its nuclear armaments, and this global program would aim at creating public education awareness about consequences of atomic weapons through an international referendum that would garner intercontinental support against atomic arms (Jacobs Nagan 2012). Since the advent of the global battle against nuclear weapons, the war against such armaments is hampered by prevailing implications of domestic and foreign policies within geopolitical boundaries. Each nuclear-weapon state is holding to its constitutional power and mandate in the legitimacy to continue possessing nuclear weapons. From Kazakhstan’s experience, the use of mass destruction weapons as protectionist motive shall never restore global peace (Berry 2010). The conviction hinged upon disbarment is that dismissal of the use or production of any form of a nuclear weapon will destroy their proliferation. Disarmament is a crucial way of destroying the existence and proliferation of nuclear weapons since global campaign pressure and related anti-nuclear weapons policies will significantly convince atomic weapon states to forego nuclear weapons (Macfarlane 2005). A multilayered approach aimed at nuclear disarmament and negotiation nuclear disarmament convection as recommended by Berry (2010) is the best and a good faith approach towards the elimination of atomic weapons. Disarmament, as an approach, probably involves public engagement, which is an essential factor in decriminalizing nuclear weapons. A long-term sustainable commitment from societal to international levels that involve the inclusion of the international community and political support and enhancing the understanding of the effects of nuclear weapons and significance of disarmaments would greatly assist in this exercise (Berry 2010). The campaign that is aimed at garnering civil support in disarmament is an effective solution as creating public awareness through referendums against nuclear weapons would generate a global single-aimed project towards the deterrence of nuclear proliferation. Inhibiting attacks and proliferation of nuclear weapons through using billions of dollars to acquire the same weapons of mass destruction would significantly encourage other states to buy them in plenty for their national power defense. Macfarlane (2005) establishes that the strongest solution to dealing with the proliferation of nuclear weapons is doubtlessly through setting policies that undervalue nuclear weapons rather than using them as protectionist measures against our potential enemies. A major conception that makes disarmament a potential strategy to restrain utilization of nuclear weapons is that as eradication against such weapons intensifies, nuclear-weapon states would gradually reduce reliance on these weapons and proffer other less destructive weapons (Jolly Ray 2006). Possessing nuclear weapons as an initiative to demolish other holders of the same artillery creates a controversial perception against the US and other powerful states, and this exaggeration would probably encourage terrorists and other non-state actors to acquire them as protectionist stra tegies. Disarmament would generate different defense approaches far from the current aggressive militia strategies. Militarism and war might not provide a peaceful and prosperous world, but increase international tension and constant confrontation. Disarmament would create better international relations through acknowledging international diplomacy as characterized by a common approach towards affairs of human and national security (Cimbala 2012). When powerful nations withdraw from deploying nuclear weaponry, the last target would be achieving a harmonious world that collectively engages in addressing terrorism, environmental uncertainties, and criminal threats to international securities. Courts of justice across the world should be legally mandated through the formation of policies and regulations to take stiff lawful actions against countries and political leaders aspiring development and utilization of weapons of mass destruction including nuclear weaponry. According to reports documented by Jolly and Ray (2006), respecting the role of the UN in nuclear disarmament is essential as Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968), and Anti-Ballistic-Missiles Treaty (1972) would significantly reduce the proliferation of atomic weapons. Conclusion Humanity and its civilization will continue intensifying socio-economic and political developments, and a violent world will remain unsustainable and unjust. The contemporary behavior of Syria has awakened the realities surrounding the proliferation of nuclear weapons, which was slowly becoming a historical issue. While approximately nine states have retained their nuclear weapons, there is a conviction that the US, the UK, and Israel are intending to use these weapons in dominating global power. In deterring these weapons, the US itself believes that it should possess nuclear weapons to have the power to dissuade others from using the same weapons. However, inhibiting attacks and proliferation of such weapons through this approach is creating a further international rivalry, especially to non-state actors. The first practical approach, as recommended by Kazakhstan from its experience with devastating nuclear confrontation, is averting the development and proliferation of these weapons through disarmament. Reference List Berry, K 2010, Delegitimising nuclear weapons examining the validity of nuclear deterrence, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, CA. Cimbala, S 2012, Nuclear Weapons in the Information Age, Continuum International Publishing, London. Jacobs, G Nagan, W 2012, ‘Nuclear Threats and Security’, Cadmus, vol. 1 no. 5, pp. 174-179. Jolly, R Emmerij, L 2009, UN intellectual History Project: Peace and Human Security. Web. Jolly, R Ray, D 2006, The Human Security Framework and National Human Development Reports: A Review of Experiences and Current Debates. Web. Macfarlane, A 2005, All Weapons of Mass Destruction Are Not Equal. Web. This essay on Nuclear disarmament as a way to keep peace and provide human security was written and submitted by user Jennifer Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Filial Piety in Confucian Society free essay sample

An examination of the concept of filial piety and obedience to ones parents and superiors as it relates to Confucian society. This paper analyzes filial piety,which has been one of the most important factors in defining Chinese culture and relationships, throughout Chinese history. The paper discusses the importance of this concept, the way that it is passed down between generations, and its influence on society. The writer claims that study of this concept and its applications allows for a greater understanding of Chinese culture and philosophy. In Chinese popular folklore, there are numerous examples of ordinary citizens who have made great sacrifices in order to bring aid to their parents. Children are taught the story of the young boy who allowed mosquitoes to feast on his blood at night so that they would not disrupt his parents sleep, or the story of the child who ran for over a hundred miles with loads of rice and provisions on his back to bring to his ailing parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Filial Piety in Confucian Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Brians 172-174) Confucian philosophy holds these concepts of deference and obedience to ones parents in the highest regard. In fact, one popular Confucian proverb goes: Of the hundred excellent things, filial piety is first. (Qt. in Jordan, pg. 267) This concept of filial piety has had much to do with the way in which the Chinese have traditionally followed their leaders with unquestioning obedience. From the day of Confucius up through modern Chinese times, filial piety has been one of the most important factors in defining Chinese culture and relationships.

Individual Policy Manual

Individual Policy Manual Abstract The paper covers four employee policies formulated from four emerging issues in the field of human resource management. These emerging issues that are mentioned are health and safety, equality and diversity, recruitment and selection along with non-discrimination and anti-harassment. The paper covers the reasons as to why various managers have been failing to manage their firms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Individual Policy Manual specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reasons as to why the policies on the issues must be included in an employee handbook have been covered with special emphasis on the negative impacts of these issues to an organization. The paper also examines some of the governmental laws that emphasized on the implementation of these policies within an organizational setting. Research Paper Several companies in different nations around the globe have failed continuously to attain their set goals, visions, and objectives. This has necessitated the investigation of emerging issues in the Human Resource Management sector in order to fix the weaknesses affecting most organizations. There has also been a need to give the advantages of creating certain policies that prohibit individuals from going against the accepted codes of conduct for the set goals to be attained. Among the emerging issues, this paper will concentrate on health and safety, equality and diversity, recruitment and selection along with nondiscrimination and anti harassment. The paper will also explore the relevance of formulating policies on these issues along with governmental laws that support the policies (Barrett, 2006). In the recent past, most firms have failed to attain their set goals and objectives due to the fact they have lost their highly skilled personnel through death among other fatalities. The accidents on the employees of a certain firm may happen either from within the firm or o utside. Furthermore, the living environments for such workers are usually poor to an extent that they are affected health wise. The health and safety of a work force also affect the processes taking place within a firm thus there will be no consistency. When there is lack of a safety and health policy, the chances of missing innovation within the firm is also high. In fact, a good working environment is in most cases associated with high productivity.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A good working environment can only be created through the implementation of an effective health and safety policy (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2009). This policy is in line with one of the community strategies of the European Commission which states, health as well as safety is part and parcel of the social and moral obligations of a firm. The policies of a company should not be permanently based on economic parameters. The workers cannot be in a comfortable environment if they have other problems to attend to such as sufferings, reduction in the status of life, family-related problems, damages, and decrease of life span. The reason as to why the health and safety policy was included in the policy manual was to create a comfortable working environment through various ways so that the set goals and objectives are attained. First of all, a comfortable workplace will be created through the creation of fewer health and safety risks to provide better chances for rehabilitation. A health and safety performance of various activities will lead to a smaller number of accidents, injuries, and liabilities. The workers will also be relieved from legal expenses and medical costs. There will also be minimal cases of absenteeism, thus, higher job performance. The provision of safety and health measures through investments, management practices, and training will ensur e a safety and healthy workforce. The other relevant aspect of the implementation of the health and safety policy within the firm is that the workers will be able to fit easily into the working processes. The personnel will also be highly motivated and will have a likelihood of improving on the levels of their skills for the jobs performed. This policy within a firm ensures that the processes and activities taking place are not disrupted. The health and safety policy is also relevant as it is associated with better performances, efficacy, quality services, and an innovative workforce leading to higher job performance. Furthermore, this makes it easier for the company to attain the set goals and visions. In fact, most researchers have attested that the incorporation of health and safety measures bring about positive impacts on the performance of a firm (Drucker, 1955).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Individual Policy Manual specifically for you f or only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Companies from different nations tend to lose their highly proficient staff due to the fact that there is no equality within their working environment. Managers usually have the mentality of treating their workers unfairly by either rewarding individuals that are not supposed to be rewarded or by favoring others while being strict on others. In most cases, the rights of the disabled within the working environment are never considered while in other firms; special attention is granted to men while less concentration is put on women. Some companies solely employ their citizens, relatives, or members of royal families. Some firms reward persons from specific ethnic groups while they do not reward individuals from other ethnicities. The absence of equality and diversity within a firm cannot lead to the attainment of the set goals and objectives. With special regard to this, equality and diversity are a very fundamental issue that needs to be addressed in each and every workplace. The major obligation of any management is usually to ensure that equality and diversity are embraced within the workers environment. The availability of equality usually leads to team work. If individuals within a working environment are offered equal opportunities on the available resources, all the workers will work towards the achievement of the set goals and objectives (Banjoko, 1996). In order for the set goals and objectives to be attained, all services within the workplace should be made available to all members of staff in spite of their gender, disability, race, age, religion, or belief. Inequality along with lack of diversity is some of the major attested obstacles to a company’s development. For a firm to attain its set goals and objectives, it should be devoted to eradicating prohibitive inequalities and enhance diversity within the organization’s practices and procedures. Members of staff should be treated equal ly and with the same interest, attention, courtesy and reverence in spite of their sex, race, religion/belief, disability, age, and caring obligation. The legal service of London supports the notion of equal payment of workers in the Equal Pay Act of 1970.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This firm has tried to come up with the equality and diversity policy within its employee manual so as to be in accordance with the Sex Discrimination Act 197, the Race Relations Act 1976, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, the Employment Rights Act 1996, the Human Rights Act 1998, the Part-Time Workers (Prevention of Less Favorable Treatment) Regulations 2000, the Fixed-Term Employees (Prevention of Less Favorable Treatment) Regulations 2000, the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief Act) Regulations 2003, and the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006. All the laws were proposed by the legal service commission of London (Burns, 1978). In the creation of a comfortable environment for all the employees, there is need to treat all the members of staff equally and fairly without any form of discrimination. The enhancement of equal chance in relation to access to the available materials along with equality in the convening of the needs of the workers will lead to a higher jo b performance. Most departments within the companies fail to perform well simply because of a poor recruitment and selection criteria. Most managers tend to allocate workers basing on their physical well-being instead of basing on the knowledge and familiarity of an individual to the task. Workers are usually allocated to departments that they are unwilling or rather unfamiliar with. When a member of staff performs a job that he is unwilling to do, then the probabilities of producing a good job are nil. The allocation of jobs to workers basing on their relationship with a manager may also have a negative impact on the performance of an organization (Armstrong, 1999). Recruitment and allocation of members in fields that they are not qualified tends to weaken the performance of that particular sector. If a proper selection criterion is not followed in the allocation of workers to a certain field, then there will be higher chances of another weakness in any other department. Weak depar tments that produce poor results will have a negative impact on the general performance of the company. The company may also be defeated by highly competitive firms. The purpose of creating this policy was to allocate workers in departments that they are familiar with. This is for the purpose of creating a strong workforce in different departments of the firm. The allocation of workers in sections that they are highly versed with the expected knowledge and skills aids in the provision of a comfortable working environment free from stress. Allocation of workers in different fields basing on the best selection criteria will make the company to have a higher propensity of achieving the set goals and objectives (Mintzberg, 1973). The policy was also created to shun away from assumptions that a woman can do well in certain departments while a man does well in other departments. The members of staff should be allocated in different sections basing on their skills, aptitudes, talent, and k now how. The policy was also developed in order to conform to the requirements of the Sex Discrimination Acts 1975 and 1986, Race Relations Act 1976 and the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000, Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and the Human Rights Act 1998 of the United Kingdom. The policy was also developed to shun away from future challenges that may arise from the damages caused by allocation of an untrained staff in a certain field. The relevance of including this policy in the employee’s manual was to avoid wastage of time by an employee in attending to a task that he/she has never done before. Apart from spending a lot of time in performing the task, the worker may also produce a shoddy job leading to a poor job performance. This may make it difficult for the firm to attain its set visions, goals, and objectives. The policy will ensure that the shortest time possible is taken in performing a certain task. The policy will also aid in minimizing the burdens on other hig hly experienced workers in other fields that they have not been allocated to. In the absence of the policy, workers may experience the burdens of being allocated departments that they are not familiar with (Bass, 1985). This firm regards employees as its indispensable assets. They are therefore worth shielding from perils like harassment and discrimination. In most cases, organizations that allow harassment and discrimination at the work places are always at risk. The policy is raised to prevent employees from engaging in such activities that may harm other professional leading to poor job performance (Guest, 1991). Individuals within the working environment may create hazards by subjecting their colleagues to unlawful activities for instance harassment of workers by their colleagues. As a matter of fact, this has been a major growing liability trend in human resource. If the employees, who are the major contributors of success within the organizations, are harassed, then the set go als, objectives, and visions will not be attained. To protect professionals from such activities, certain strategies must be put in place to guide the behavior of the members of staff (Weisinger, 1998). Discrimination and harassment within an individuals working environment can cause injuries to employees. This behavior also promotes poor morale among the workers and reduces the levels of productivity. The concerned organization may also be exposed to expensive litigation losses. Some of the losses may be in terms of larger amounts of money, time, and energy as well as highly trained members of staff. This necessitates prompt implementation of the non discrimination and anti harassment policy. The policies that prohibit discrimination and harassment were also developed to conform to the standards of two imperative federal antidiscrimination laws. These laws are the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). These policies are usually a imed at being hired, receiving compensations, upholding a job, obtaining training, getting a job promotion and receiving equal opportunities in different working situations. Most of the laws from different nations outlaw discrimination and harassment on the basis of age, sex, racism among other aspects. Other federal as well as state laws outlaw sexual harassment. This is in most cases very expensive to an organization. This is due to the fact that there is reduced productivity and morale, wastage of time, high medical expenses, officially authorized fees along with liabilities. According to Luthans, harassment through the creation of hostile environments includes â€Å"unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, job-related threats for rejecting sexual advances, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance† (Luthans, 1998). Either form of harassment w here men harass women and women harass men is costly to a company. Due to the fact that discrimination and harassment are expensive to a company, there is a need for measures to prevent such perils and wrongdoing. The inclusion of the policy of anti discrimination and non harassment of the employee’s manual will act as a guiding material regarding the behavior of the workers to avoid causing harm on their colleagues (Burns, 1978). Conclusively, all the issues that may affect the performance of an organization should be addressed in order to enhance a good working environment for the set goals and objectives to be attained. The formulation of policies to be followed by the employees should be effected in organizations that are aimed at achieving their visions. Formulated policies ought to be strictly implemented by the employees for the visions to be met. Disciplinary measures should also be formulated to ensure that individuals who break the set policies are attended to accor dingly. List of References Armstrong, M. (1999). Human resources management practice. London: Kogan Page. Banjoko, S.A. (1996) Human resource management. Lagos: Saban Publishers. Barrett, D.J. (2006). Leadership communication. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bass, B.M., (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free Press. Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row. Drucker, P. (1955). The practice of management. Portsmouth, UK: Heinemann. Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Balkin, D. B., Cardy, R. L. (2009). Managing human resources. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Guest, E.A. (1991). Human resource management. London: McGraw-Hill. Luthans, F. (1998). Organizational behavior. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill. Mintzberg, H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. New York: Harper Row. Weisinger, H. (1998). Emotional intelligence at work. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

How Could Leader Be Strategic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Could Leader Be Strategic - Term Paper Example The employees of the company are their most precious asset so in order to get the employees in the right direction, making sure they adapt change and they work as per the strategies designed by the leader, leader needs to be not only strategic but also tactful. A strategic leader can not only help companies in achieving its objective but the leader can also create a competitive advantage. We will start by analyzing what is a strategic leader, followed by who should be a strategic leader? , When is the best time to become a strategic leader? , Where should strategic leadership be developed? And then finally, How can we develop strategic leadership?  Ã‚   Strategic leader is someone who can make realistic strategies for the company and who has an ability to influence others and make other believe in his vision and strategies. The strategy he needs to come up should be innovative, practical and should be one which leads in getting company a competitive advantage (Forbes, 2005). It is crucial to make sure that everyone in the organization is trained in such a way that they all become potential leaders. Information should not only stay in the upper rank but also be discussed in the middle and lower rank so everyone gets a chance to present their abilities well (Gilmore, 2007). Everyone in the organization needs to keep one important aspect in mind, that is to create opportunities and then also to utilize the opportunities in the best way possible. So whenever there is an opportunity people with potential should come forward to present their ideas and strategies as opportunity would knock your door only once and there is hardly a second chance. Strategic leaders are an integral requirement of all the organization in today’s world that is the reason why companies invest a lot in making strategic leaders. The most important thing which the leader needs to keep in mind is the self believe and self confidence which the leader have in himself. Some important trai ts include not only knowing and dealing with his/her work area but also being well aware of the surroundings and the business unit on the whole. Realizing importance of good relationship is clear and vital for a good leader as the businesses are interconnected and leader needs to deal with not only the employees but also with the vendors as supply chain management is a very crucial factor, following stakeholders and even competitors. Short term and long term goals are important so strategies should be made accordingly. Cost reduction is a very important factor so the leader needs to have good cost management skills and overall good leadership skills also on a personal level in order to deal well with the co workers. Leader not only needs to have knowledge and skill set which is restricted to him/her self but he should also transfer knowledge to others and then later on the transferred information and personal information can be combined in order to generate best strategies for the c ompany. Using their process we can create an environment of strategic leaders that team up and are committed to create a sustainable competitive advantage (Forbes, 2005). A leader needs to think about the organization in terms of its asset management, they need to think of a bright and successful future for themselves and also for their associates. Corporate social responsibility of the leader also plays a pivotal role here as the leader needs

Do human beings need illusions or fictions in order to live life Term Paper

Do human beings need illusions or fictions in order to live life meaningfully Why or why not Discuss by drawing on the work of two philosophers we have discussed this to defend your claim - Term Paper Example With this, it can be claimed that meaningfulness is often defined in relation to an ideal figure or state. While this may not necessarily imply that the ways to a meaningful life should be similar to all people, it highlights the fact that its primary characteristics should be. Thus, more often than not, we use certain standards to evaluate a person’s life. In our evaluation, however, we do not consider the four facets equally. Typically, we rank the facets this way, from most important to least important: spiritual, personal, social, and professional. Thus, it is our idea of morality that usually influences our judgment of a meaningful life. Simply put, to live a meaningful life is to live a moral life. Morality, loosely defined, is the practice of good habits, freely and knowingly. Indeed, for a person to be moral, not only must he know the conceptual differences between good and evil, he must also wholeheartedly do good acts. Through this example, we can see the interrelated roles of knowledge and freedom in the formation of good character in a person. With this, it is the formation of good character that is regarded to be the concrete manifestation of a meaningful life. It is in the acquisition of virtues, which is a result of having done wise decisions in life, that makes a person truly happy. While we all agree that it is natural for us to choose to do the good, understanding why and how we do so is hard. Thus, it is in the intention we possess and the quality of good acts we do that ultimately define our character. And this is where the big issue starts. In this essay, we aim to shed light on the nature of a meaningful life (in the context of moral life) by looking at theistic and existentialistic positions. As for the existentialistic positions, we examine the teachings of Sartre and Kierkegaard. In the end, we intend to prove that morality can be accessed and practiced

Computer sciences and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer sciences and technology - Essay Example Today, the internet has become an indispensable tool to every facet of the human civilization; be it political, social, or economical. As clichà © as it sounds, it made the world smaller. By connecting people thousands of leagues apart, it altered the way the world interact and helped the culture of each nation evolve towards a more globally centred one. If one will ask any high school student about the essence of the internet, the answer he will probably get is, â€Å"to be connected to anyone in the world†. With the advent and dominance of social networking sites such as Facebook and twitter, it is not surprising at all to have such a mainstream response. After all, the internet is every bit about connectivity. It is about building bridges from one part of the world to another; about destroying the barriers of each culture in order to let them grow and embrace positive changes. The internet has allowed the social scope of every culture to focus not only on a single-race interaction, but rather to foster a multi-racial relationship. Forty years ago, before the internet was born, social interaction is on a more personal level. People can talk just about anything under the sun – from the things they are interested the most to the not so interesting topics at all – with them conversing face to face. Although interaction through the internet can never be as personal as before, the integration of a multi-cultural perspective makes every topic of conversation as interesting, if not even more. This mixed perspective is the primary factor pushing socialization to greater horizons The internet has played a great role in reshaping the face of Politics, particularly its dynamics. It has completely revolutionized how political campaigns are carried out. It can be a highly effective platform with which political views can be shared to persuade people to vote for a candidate. Social networking sites and blogging are now being tapped as a way to

Report on rituximab as a biologic

Report on rituximab as a biologic Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that has been one of the most prevalent biologics on the market, and has made some very significant sales over the last few years. It was originally designed in 1986 by IDEC pharmaceuticals. The drug is now being marketed under the brand names Rituxin and MabThera, dependant on the region. The antibody is chimeric in nature and is comprised of murine and human regions. It contains heavy and light variable regions of a murine origin and constant heavy and light regions of human origins meaning the Fc domain is of human origins, and so can invoke Fc receptor binding (see figure 1). The antibody is produced artificially and the gene construct of the murine and human domains are engineered and inserted into vectors, and then expressed in mammalian cells line. The mammalian cell line of choice for this specific drug is the Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO cells); these provided the corrected folded drug in sufficient quantities. The use of the mammalian cell line ensured that firstly the antibodies had the correct codon usage, glycosylation, amino acids and folding, as these are mammalian cells so are able to carry out these tasks to closer specification as human cells. http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v22/n47/images/1206939f1.jpg Figure 1: representation of the rituximab antibody. Taken from http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v22/n47/fig_tab/1206939f1.html The filtrate from the suspension had to be purified to obtain the rituximab that will be used for clinical applications. There are two methods used to perform this task. First of all Ion-exchange chromatography, this method allows the removal to toxic products, cell mass, some viruses and unimportant protein products. The second step of purification that is used is affinity chromatography; affinity chromatography is then used to remove the specific antibody with high resolution and specificity. As a mammalian cell line was used for the expression there is a slight chance that possible viruses can pass through the purification process and be found in the final product, so a few processes were introduced to remove these possible contaminants. The media was autoclaved and human transferrin was removed, the ion exchange chromatography also helps remove some retroviruses. The drug reaches a purity of around 99%, and has a shelf stability of 2 years. The FDA originally approved Rituximab in 1997 for use against B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that had become resistant to all other forms of treatment (chemotherapy). Since its approval for use against lymphoma, it has been approved and is used off label for use against other diseases. It is seen to have an efficacy against autoimmune (AI) diseases, transplant rejection treatment and severe ulcerative colitis. Rituximab is known as an anti-CD20 antibody, meaning that it acts on and binds to the CD20 molecule. CD20 molecules are found in large amount on the surface of activated B-cells. The reason for targeting these cells is that the activated B-cells are generally the ones that are causing the problems in the disease discussed earlier. However, CD20 is also expressed, in smaller amounts, on most other B-cells so there is a certain amount of collateral damage to the immune system, which in some cases has led to an increase risk of catching serious infections. CD20 is a very weird antigen, it has no known natural ligand and its function is still very much unknown, opinions are that it helps maintain calcium concentrations across the membrane. After being binding to the CD20 at amino acid positions 170-13 and 183-183, it is seen to halt the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. There are two methods that carry out this apoptotic response, the first being the indirect killing of the cell. This involves a mechanism called anti-body dependant cell cytoxicity (ADCC). ADCC is mechanism where one the FAB part of the antibody has bound to the receptor on the surface the Fc domain changes formation and can now bind to an FC receptor. Fc receptors are found on other cells within the immune system, such as NK cells, the binding of the FC domain to one of these cells induces a killing response from the activated immune cell recruited. The Fc domain also has the ability to activate complement, so the biding of specific blood proteases, induces lysis of the cell. There is also a less well-understood mechanism that rituximab uses to kill activated B cells. This is by directly inducing apoptosis upon binding, why this occurs is not fully unde rstood, from studies it can be seen that the binding of rituximab to the CD20 causes a down regulation of MHC, a down regulation of the B-cell receptor and flux down pathways that induce apoptosis. In a recent study it can be seen that 50% increase of 30%. So that is a huge increase in the amount of patients who were currently unresponsive to available treatments. As can be seen from these results the introduction of rituximab was a real breakthrough in the field, and provided a method of treatment for those people who had no other option. As motioned earlier the drug is frequently used off label by clinicians. Rituximab has been seen to have very promising result when used to treat MS and some other AI diseases. There have also been recent developments into the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis, and rituximab is currently in phase III trials for use against ulcerative colitis where existing treatments are currently not effective. Rituximab was and is still a huge commercial success; grossing $5.68 billion in 2009 (a 9% increase on the previous year) it was one of the best selling biologics. With all the possible applications of this drug it does mean that there is still a commercial future for the drug. Rituximab is currently being marketed by Roche, Biogen and other companies have exclusivity for marketing in Japan, China and India This can be seen with how often clinicians use the drug off label to treat diseases that the FDA didnt originally approve it for. The shear wide-ranging applications of the drug are one of the main reasons for its commercial success. The drug was also a huge boost to the clinicians tools to fight against diseases which had become resistant or unresponsive to the existing gold standards, such as in B cell lymphoma and RA as discussed above. There is also still future prospects for this drug with phase III trials currently underway for the use of the drug against severe ulcerative c olitis and possible uses in replaced rejection treatment plans, so it seems that this drug is likely to be a block buster for some time to come.

Iago as the Hero of Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Iago as the Hero of Othello Roderigo, a soldier in Othello's army, is in love with Desdemona and is deceived by Iago into thinking that Desdemona holds some affection for him. Iago, who is Othello's "ancient" or his counselor, desires to hold Othello's position and so tries to devise a plan to become general. As proved by the outcome of the play, Othello was too naive and kindhearted to properly lead an army. Iago felt that he should have been promoted to be Othello's lieutenant but Cassio was promoted instead. The outcome of the play also proves that Iago was more efficient in achieving his goals. Iago's plan is one that involves Cassio, Othello's second in command, Roderigo and Desdemona. Iago is better qualified than either Cassio or Othello if he devised such a plan without either of them noticing. The same strategies he uses in everyday life he would be able to employ in battles. Iago has proven to be the ultimate soldier. Iago instills jealousy in both Roderigo and Othello by leading each of them to think that Desdemona and Cassio are having an affair. He accomplishes all this without being discovered until the end. During the course of the play, Othello is further deceived by Iago to believe that Desdemona is unfaithful to him. Emilia, Iago's wife, unknowingly helps Iago fool Othello when she gives her husband the handkerchief that was given to Desdemona by Othello on their wedding night. Desdemona always keeps this by her side, as a result of Othello's command. When Iago tells Othello that he has seen Cassio with his gift to Desdemona, Othello becomes enraged and vows to kill her. He also makes Iago swear that he will kill Cassio. Through Iago's planning, Roderigo gets a chance to kill Cassio but fails. When Iago sees Roderigo's failure to carry through with the plan, he wounds Cassio in the leg and kills Roderigo. When Othello hears commotion in the streets below he thinks that Cassio is dead and smothers Desdemona. When Cassio, Gratiano (relative to Brabantio), Montano (Cyprus official), and Iago hear Emilia's screams from Othello's bedroom they discover what he has done. Iago is revealed as the culprit and he then kills Emilia. After this Othello commits suicide and Iago is taken away to be punished. Iago was seeking a revenge that can be justified because he felt that Othello had had an affair with Emilia.

Focus On The Learner

Gabby has approximately six years of formal education, where he learnt most of the English he uses to communicate with; and a further two weeks of lessons he received whilst at a BBC centre. Gabby currently has no formal work experience; however, he is knowledgeable in the field of electrical engineering and has had some informal experience in this sector. He is highly motivated to learn the English language and his primary goal for this is that so he may one day attend University; perhaps to further his appreciation and love for music or to continue and learn more in the field of electrical engineering.This goal motivates Gabby and is highly evident in the way he endeavourers to be an astute student. Learning Styles and Preferences Whilst observing Gabby in the classroom and through speaking to him one-on- one it is apparent that his preferred style of learning is more centered on visual/spatial and kinesthesia modes of receipt. His completion of the sensory styles quiz compounds th ese assumptions and show that Gabby is able to receive and process information more efficiently if it is visually presented to him either by flashcards, pictures or realize.During classroom observation it was evident that Gabby is highly interpersonal; during pair-work activities he discussed the task enthusiastically with his partner and also listened attentively to their views. When nominated to answer a question Gabby would usually answer correctly, this shows his understanding of and propensity for communicative language. Gabby excels in group based activities and prefers these to individual tasks where he must work alone. The survey also reflected Gabby more developed kinesthesia sensory style, in the classroom he would be observed taking part in physical activities very enthusiastically.He enjoys movement and exercise, and learns better in this way; he also mentioned his love for the game of football which he played regularly in the DRP. Linguistic Ability – Strengths G affs command of spoken English language is average, he often pauses to think of a word and his pronunciation and grammar are weak at times, however, given the time frame that Gabby has been actually speaking the language it is quite impressive. He is more than able to express his opinion or needs within the classroom environment.Gabby is quite able to read a graded ice of text, although he may take some time and get blocked on certain unfamiliar words, he has shown the ability to perform gist reading tasks quite capably. He also admitted his preference for reading romance novels which he uses to enhance his reading skills. The strength in Cabby's writing skill is shown in his remarkably accurate spelling. Although he makes some grammatical errors his writing is generally legible and comprehensible. His formation of written words is sensible and corresponds to their respective phonemic sounds.Although listening is not one of Cabby's strengths he is tie able to understand English spea kers or instructions that are given to him verbally, both the meaning and context Of what he is required to do are clear to him. Gabby performs well in gist listening based tasks. Gabby vocabulary is quite extended, he has the ability to learn new words rapidly and use them in the correct context. He often pauses when speaking, to think of a word, but he eventually remembers it and uses it correctly. His level of functional vocabulary will enable him to navigate most everyday situations with ease.At times Gabby does make some grammatical mistakes but he often endeavors to correct himself. He is aware of most basic grammatical rules, for example, ‘y' changing to ‘ices' for certain countable nouns. He can often be observed writing down new grammatical rules and examples during lessons, thus showing his keenness to improve in this area. Cabby's pronunciation of most words is clear and understandable, for new vocabulary he often responds well to drilling and repeats the word until he feels it is correct.He works very hard to improve his pronunciation and can be observed self- correcting at times. Linguistic Ability -? Weaknesses Completed table attached. Activities: Skill – Listening for specific information (â€Å"New Cutting Edge Elementary Students' Book† – pig. 10) This task requires the student to work on his own, as individual work is something Gabby struggles with, this activity will be challenging and requires him to work on his own and strengthen his ability to listen for specific information.The teacher Will hand out copies of the ‘General Knowledge Quiz' and ask the learner to look through the questions and answer as many as he can. This is a Test-Teach-Test based adaptation that will allow the student to error correct himself after listening o the audio. The teacher then plays the recording and asks the student to listen out for the various pieces of information that are required to answer the questions. After hea ring and answering the student can compare and correct his errors, thereby â€Å"learning from his mistakes†.Gabby is an Elementary level learner and this activity is graded as such. Although it does not tie in with his personal interest in music it is general knowledge and touches on various areas that Gabby may be interested in (brands, currency, Jennifer Lopez etc. ). Activities: System – Grammar – Present Simple (â€Å"New Cutting Edge Elementary Workbook – pig. 22/23). The various activities over the two pages deal with grammar related activities, specifically with the present simple.This is an area Gabby has some difficulty with, and he often confuses tenses which leads to grammatical errors. The activities consist of a mixture of gap fill and answering activities that will improve fluency in present simple. The teacher will hand out copies of the activities and ask the learner to work individually. A high level of monitoring and prompting with the aid of examples will be necessary as Gabby is an Elementary level learner. Focus on the Learner French student from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the intermediate class. Sidekick was born in Albumin's. He got his Matrix in 2008 and attended university for 2 years before and he's learning English so that he can continue his studies in South Africa. â€Å"The reason I'm learning English is that I am a French speaker and I wand to study in a English country,† he writes. Learner style: Sidekick response positively towards practical sessions.During an interview with Sidekick, he also reinforced this statement by saying that he prefers doing something and/or seeing something rather than just listening. This would suggest that he is mostly kinetic and visual with an emphasis on kinetic. These examples can be seen when asked to physically apply what he's learned. Learners four skills: Observing Sidekick, I've noticed that he struggles a little in each form, but that his weakest area is reading. He also struggles with speaking and writing, but both are connected in the sense that he translates directly from French.In English this would change something that he series Into a thin, straight, hand-held stick. There's also certain problems that occur with tenses, as I will mention In language systems. Sidekick also makes use of a speaking rhythm that is unnatural in English. In English phonetics and phonology: a practical course By Peter Roach, Rough explains that there's a difference between the rhythm of English and French. French makes use of a syllable timed rhythm and that all syllables whether stressed or unstressed occur at regular intervals.Listening: Sidekick follows natural speech rather easily. Reading: The main concern I've found is that while Sidekick can continue with listening,writing and speaking with mistakes, he stops when encounters a word that he is unfamiliar with. Writing: Along with his speaking the problem is tense usage. Other problems are spelling mistakes. He'll write words exactly as they sound. Language systems: After view ing 3 letters that I received from Sidekick, I observed several common mistakes. Continuous and simple forms: † My hobbles are: Sports, go to the cinema, Ana listening music. He would use â€Å"go to' (Instead AT going to) Ana â€Å"listening sic† (instead of listening to music. ) It shows logic in the forms that he use, but that there's some confusion of when to use continuous and simple tenses. Pronunciation: As mentioned before, Sidekick often replaces the It/ sound with the [d/ sound. Areas where the student needs help: So far Sidekick's greatest problems stem from the use of future tenses and question tenses. For questions he will at times confuse the subject and verb e. G. Muff are Tom? † and â€Å"Are you Tom? The emphasis on his words imply different meanings as we've learned during class. The former acknowledging that the speaker is vaguely familiar with the person and the latter purely asking. After reviewing his letters, I've decided that it's not Jus t his future tense that is the problem, but that he still struggles with most tenses. The activities I've selected and why: For the skill I've focused on reading. Continuous reading will help Sidekick see how to language is used, and if he stops reading Just because of one word, then he'll never progress any further.At the same time, the activity I've chosen for his reading, also applies to the other language area he requires help in: Vocabulary. The activity isn't focused on his learning style, but what he needs help in. It's been downloaded from www. Insidious. Net and has several tasks which will help him to improve. The gap fill will allow him to look at the entire sentence and then get him the gist of words. There is also a task which will improve his spelling and use of parts of speech, another area that he struggles with. For the language area, I've chosen tenses in general.Sidekick has claimed that it's only the future tense that confuses him, but Judging by his written work , there's also other tenses that he needs help on. The activity is Snakes and Ladders – Tenses from Cutting Edge: Upper Intermediate students' book by Sarah Cunningham and Peter Moor. The questions were all changed to apply to his level and weaknesses. This game focuses on his kinetic and visual needs, helping him learn in a particle and fun setting. References: www. London-translations. Co. UK www. Insidious. Net Moor. English phonetics and phonology: a practical course By Peter Roach Class notes

we underestimate one of Google’s most useful tools when it comes to job search Google Alerts. Google Alerts can be extremely helpful for job seekers, and they are free!

we underestimate one of Google’s most useful tools when it comes to job search Google Alerts. Google Alerts can be extremely helpful for job seekers, and they are free! Im grateful to have colleagues who know about things where I do not have particular expertise. Google Alerts is one of those things! Google Alerts are valuable for job seekers and business owners alike. Heres a great guide on how to use them! Guest post by Susan P. Joyce For most of us, Google has become an integral part of our lives. We use it to find the closest gas station, the best cranberry sauce recipe, the correct spelling for antidisestablishmentarianism, and hundreds of other things every day. And yet we underestimate one of Google’s most useful tools when it comes to job search: Google Alerts. Google Alerts can be extremely helpful for job seekers, and they are free! What Are Google Alerts and How Do You Set Them Up? Google Alerts are queries that you design, and that Google runs automatically once you set them up. You receive an email for each alert, with any new content Google has found since the last time it sent you a report. As long as you stay within Google’s 1000-alert limit, you can add, delete, or modify alerts any time you choose. Google offers detailed advice for you on how to set up Google Alerts. Here are some easy basics: Simply go to google.com/alerts, and type in your query and your email address. Once you have entered your query, you can specify the source (web, news, blogs, etc.), language, and region/country. Often, the default settings are fine. If the â€Å"Alert preview† shows you the content you want, enter your email address, click on the â€Å"Create Alert† button, and you are done. Sit back and eagerly await your reports! Benefits of Using Google Alerts in Your Job Search Spending the time and energy to set up Google Alerts carefully will pay off both now and in the future. If you are a job seeker, you can use Alerts to find the best new job and employer for you and keep your online visibility as positive as possible. Google Alerts may help you with key job search activities: Expanding your personal and professional networks. Finding jobs and other professional opportunities. Researching companies to prepare for job interviews. Gathering information about your industry and/or profession. Learn which employers (and people) to avoid. Think you’d remember to run searches on all these topics every day? Think again. Instead, let Google Alerts do the work for you. The Google â€Å"early warning† will help you stay up-to-date and, hopefully, ahead of your competition. To get the benefit of Google Alerts, of course you must actually open and read them on a daily (or at a minimum, weekly) basis. Don’t let this precious information get stale! Google Alerts for Job Search – The Breakdown Here’s how to use Google Alerts for some of your most important job search activities. 1. Monitor your online reputation. The Google results associated with your name, even if it isn’t really you, will likely be seen by your network members, as well as by recruiters and potential employers. You can’t afford not to know what Google is showing when people search on your name! While some say that Googling your own name is â€Å"ego surfing† or â€Å"vanity Googling,† I prefer to call it â€Å"Defensive Googling.† So, set up Google alerts on various forms of your name, particularly the one you use most often professionally. Be on the lookout for something â€Å"bad† – trashy comments in social media, report of a drunk-driving arrest, or any unsavory or unprofessional activity. Then, do your best to distance yourself from that person and situation, including, potentially, sending out a message to recruiters you are working with or your friends in a professional group, carefully explaining that you are not that person. If you want help with researching and managing your online reputation, you might want to check out brandyourself.com. 2. Monitor your target employers. Hopefully, you have a list of specific employers that interest you. You know people who work there, or you are a fan of their products and services, or they are the largest employer in the area. Set up a Google Alert based on each company name. Add additional employers as you find good candidates. Pay attention to the names of senior executives brand names of products and services names of major business partners company location †¦and consider adding those names as new alerts. Then, when you receive an alert about a person or company that is relevant or interesting, consider reaching out to someone- for instance, congratulate them on a new award or contract, or ask about the reorganization at their company. 3. Stay up-to-date with your network. Knowing what is happening with old friends and former colleagues can help you strengthen your personal network. Even simple actions, like a short email when a connection receives recognition, becomes a parent, or has some good (or even bad) news, will make a difference. Set up Google Alerts for the favorite names in your network to learn about interesting things happening in their lives. 4. Keep current with your industry or profession. Thinking you have nothing more to learn about your profession can be the beginning of the end for your career, while staying abreast of events and trends in your industry is essential to moving your career forward. So, use Google Alerts to monitor things like emerging technology, major employers, thought leaders, and even national conferences or local professional gatherings. Google Alerts will keep you relevant if you play your cards right! Bottom Line Google has provided us with a very handy tool in Google Alerts. If you’re not using it, you’re missing out on a great resource for your job search. If you’re using Google Alerts already and getting value, or if you start using them after reading this article, please share about your experience! Online job search expert Susan P. Joyce has been observing the online job search world and teaching online job search skills since 1995. Susan is a two-time layoff â€Å"graduate† who has worked in human resources at Harvard University and in a compensation consulting firm. A veteran of the United States Marine Corps and a former Visiting Scholar at the MIT Sloan School of Management, Susan edits and publishes Job-Hunt.org and writes WorkCoachCafe.com. Category:Job SearchBy Brenda BernsteinApril 10, 2017